The social security system is a security system that will provide a peaceful and happy life that meets the living and living needs of people regardless of their income.
The emergence of the social security system in England , 19th century. It started with Friendly Societies aid boxes to fight hunger and poverty caused by the Industrial Revolution in the 21st century. With this application, the first step was taken to the social insurance system for workers only. After the insurance system, which was developed later, continued with old age insurance, sickness and disability insurance was accepted in 1911. In this way, the public’s social security and future concerns have been shown as the most important duty of the state. The Beveridge Report, which aimed to provide social security with tax revenues in 1942, made a great contribution to the social security system.
Beveridge Report
It is a government report that played a role in the establishment of the welfare state in the United Kingdom, published in 1942. Known as the five giants in the path of restructuring, the Beveridge Report includes the development of national insurance and the establishment of national health services. The report contains three guiding principles:
1. Proposals for the future should not be limited to regional interests.
In a comprehensive insurance policy for social insurance, sickness, stupor, ignorance, and laziness are sought.
3. With the realization of cooperation between the state and the individual, their services and contributions can be guaranteed, and they should be encouraged for the welfare of each individual.
The UK Social Security System Today
Today, the UK social security system; It is divided into premium, non-premium and health services.
Premium System
Every citizen who has reached the age of sixteen is registered for the insurance premium. There are five types of insurance in this premium system.
Employer
Voluntary insured
Self-employed and self-employed
dependent workers
Special working groups
No Premium System
It is also called the social assistance system. All the needs here are met by the state. Citizens in this group benefit from social assistance without exception. Examples of people entering the No Contribution system in the UK include family and child benefits, disability pension, old-age pension, widow’s and orphan’s pensions.
Health Service
Health care is provided to all people equally and free of charge under the NHS. Foreign nationals who have obtained a residence permit in the UK by obtaining the Ankara Agreement Visa can also benefit from these rights.
Insured Classes
They are divided into three classes according to their investments;
1. Employees next to the employer: Insurance share is deposited in the place where they are employed as workers. Workers in this group benefit from insurance income.
2. Self-employed: They benefit from all social insurances except unemployment income.
3. Unemployed: Persons who do not have a job benefit from insurance for situations such as failure, unemployment, inability to work due to disability.
Bodies Providing Social Security in England
The bodies providing social security in England are provided by four main subjects. Together with these laws, it has been prepared by taking into account the inability of citizens to work, their disability, the death of their spouses, their ability to work as a result of work accidents or the orphanage of children.
1. National insurance
2.National health services
3.National aid organization
4.Family benefits
England’s Health Organization
We need to start with the UK’s healthcare system with a GP. GP is called general practitioner. You can perceive it as a family doctor equivalent in Turkey. When you move into a new home, the first thing to do is to register with a GP in your area. You are given the right to choose as there will be many GPs where you live. By doing research on the internet, you can choose the GP that suits you best. When you are sick, you have to be examined by the general practitioner at first, and you cannot go directly to the specialist. First of all, you have to be examined by the GP. If deemed appropriate, GPs will prepare the necessary procedures for your hospital referral. You do not need to pay a fee when you are examined by the GP. You only pay the cost of the drug to the pharmacy. In some cases, you do not need to pay a drug fee. Those who receive the drugs for free are:
1. Those over the age of sixty.
2. Those under the age of sixteen
3.Pregnant women
4. Students aged sixteen to eighteen
5. People who have given birth in the last twelve months
6. Diagnosed patients
7.People under treatment at the hospital
8. Those with physical disabilities can benefit from this right.
It is only an emergency that you will need to go to the hospital directly. If you apply to the emergency room, they will come within four hours if you are not bleeding. To call the emergency, it is sufficient to dial 999. If you want to make an appointment with the doctor, you can make an appointment by calling 111.
